Randomized trials — metabolic surgery vs. medical therapy
- STAMPEDE (Schauer PR et al., NEJM 2012, 2017) — Gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy vs. intensive medical therapy for type 2 diabetes.
- Mingrone G et al., NEJM 2012; Lancet 2021 — 10-year outcomes of bariatric–metabolic surgery vs. medical therapy.
- SOS Study (Sjöström L et al., NEJM 2004, 2007) — Long-term mortality after bariatric surgery.
Pharmacotherapy trials
- STEP-1 through STEP-4 — Semaglutide for chronic weight management.
- SURMOUNT-1 through SURMOUNT-4 — Tirzepatide for obesity and weight maintenance.
- SUSTAIN and PIONEER program — Semaglutide in type 2 diabetes.
Society guidelines
- ADA Standards of Care in Diabetes — updated annually.
- AACE / ACE Clinical Practice Guidelines for Comprehensive Medical Care of Patients with Obesity.
- ASMBS / IFSO 2022 Indications for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery.
- EASD / EASO joint statements on obesity and diabetes.
Regulatory documents
- FDA — De Novo authorizations and 510(k) summaries for magnetic anastomosis devices.
- COFEPRIS — Mexican health authority device and facility registrations.
Additional references appear on the References page and on individual content pages.