Medical Disclaimer: This website is educational and does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Only a qualified physician can determine whether metabolic surgery is appropriate for you.

Editorial

Medical Review Board

Every clinical page on this site is reviewed by a board-certified surgeon before publication and re-reviewed at least annually. Reviewers below are named in each page's byline.

Last medically reviewed: June 1, 2026 · Educational content only — not medical advice.

Reviewers

Ariel Ortiz Lagardere, MD, FACS, FASMBS

Role: Bariatric & Metabolic Surgeon

Specialty: Bariatric & metabolic surgery

Scope of review: Clinical accuracy of educational content on type 2 diabetes, obesity, and metabolic surgery, including indications, contraindications, expected outcomes, risks, and post-operative care.

Arturo Martinez Gamboa, MD

Role: Bariatric & Metabolic Surgeon

Specialty: Bariatric & metabolic surgery

Scope of review: Clinical accuracy of educational content on type 2 diabetes, obesity, and metabolic surgery, including indications, contraindications, expected outcomes, risks, and post-operative care.

Helmuth Billy, MD, FACS

Role: General & Bariatric Surgeon

Specialty: General & bariatric surgery

Scope of review: Clinical accuracy of educational content on type 2 diabetes, obesity, and metabolic surgery, including indications, contraindications, expected outcomes, risks, and post-operative care.

Selection and oversight

Reviewers are selected for board certification, active clinical practice in bariatric and metabolic surgery, and society membership (ASMBS, IFSO, or equivalent). Reviewers are asked to flag any content they consider inaccurate, promotional, or outside their area of expertise.

Reviewer conflicts

Reviewers are practicing surgeons and have a financial interest in the practices where they operate. See the Conflict of Interest page for details.